Trevogrumab

Areas of active research — not promised effects

Each tag links to other compounds with research into that goal. Research use only: these are areas of study, not human-use claims.

Related by research scope · open each to compare

Trevogrumab has no FDA approval (BLA) for any indication and is available only to participants enrolled in Regeneron-sponsored clinical trials conducted under an Investigational New Drug (IND) application. As a monoclonal antibody, it would be regulated as a biologic under the Public Health Service Act; it cannot lawfully be compounded, sold, or distributed for human use outside an authorized clinical trial.

Confirmed high-severity market-integrity event (enforcement / recall / counterfeit)

Transparent blend · bci-1.0 · never paid-placement

Primary name

Trevogrumab

Origin

Trevogrumab (development codes REGN1033 / SAR391786) was generated by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals using its VelocImmune human-antibody platform and characterized preclinically by Latres et al. (2015, PMID 26457176) as a specific, potent myostatin-blocking antibody. It was subsequently co-developed with Sanofi (hence the SAR391786 code) and has been studied through Phase 2 as a single agent and, more recently by Regeneron alone, in combination with garetosmab (REGN2477, an anti-activin A antibody) and with the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide. It has no FDA or other regulatory approval (confirmed via IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology ligand record 8929: approved=false) and is not marketed under any brand name.

Appearance

Not publicly documented for this record (investigational biologic; no publicly available product/formulation description was identified).

Solubility

Not applicable / not publicly documented — full-length IgG antibodies are formul…

Sequence not available in current seed.

Stability: Not publicly documented for this record. As a full-length IgG monoclonal antibody, general class-typical stability concerns (aggregation, oxidation, sensitivity

• GHS hazard class on file
• PPE & spill response
• Disposal guidance
• Not-for-human-consumption posture

How much research exists, and of what maturity — never a verdict on whether it works.

Mechanism of action

• Myostatin (GDF-8, UniProt O14793) is a TGF-beta-superfamily ligand that normally acts as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, signaling through the activin type IIB receptor (ActRIIB) to activate SMAD2/3 and suppress muscle protein synthesis and satellite-cell-mediated growth
• Trevogrumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds and neutralizes myostatin, preventing this inhibitory signaling
• In the foundational preclinical paper (PMID 26457176), the antibody (there referred to as REGN1033) was shown by surface plasmon resonance and cell-based SMAD2/3 reporter assays to be a specific, potent myostatin antagonist; chronic treatment in mice increased muscle fiber size, muscle mass, and force production, and prevented muscle-mass loss induced by immobilization, glucocorticoid treatment, or hindlimb unweighting, including in aged mice, where it also improved treadmill performance
• Because myostatin and the related ligand activin A act on overlapping but non-identical receptor complexes, Regeneron has also studied trevogrumab in combination with garetosmab (an anti-activin A antibody, REGN2477) to test whether dual blockade produces larger or more consistent gains in muscle mass than myostatin blockade alone (PMID 41178728)

Pharmacokinetics (ADME)

Half-life

Not identified from a peer-reviewed publication for this record; as a full-length human IgG antibody, a multi-week elimination half-life consistent with other therapeutic IgG antibodies (typically on the order of 1-4 weeks) would be expected on general immunology-of-biologics grounds, but this has not been independently confirmed from a trevogrumab-specific source and is not reproduced as a specific figure here.

Clearance

Not identified from a peer-reviewed publication for this record; Regeneron's completed Phase 1 studies (NCT01910220, NCT01720576, NCT02741739) evaluated PK directly, but public PK parameter values were not extracted during this drafting session.

PK–PD note: A Phase 1 study (NCT02943239) explicitly assessed the pharmacokinetic profile of REGN1033 alone and combined with REGN2477 (garetosmab) in healthy postmenopausal women and men, including target engage…

Reading the evidence

• Evidence quality and gaps vary by application — see the cited grades above.
• Indexed-article counts span all evidence tiers, not only completed human trials.
• No first-party human-dosing, efficacy, or benefit claims are made here.

Key reviews & evidence-gap sources

• Gonzalez Trotter et al. 2025 — 'GDF8 and activin A are the key negative regulators of muscle mass in postmenopausal females: a randomized phase I trial' (Nature Communications) — The published results of NCT02943239 — the ONE completed, peer-reviewed human RCT for trevogrumab. Quadruple-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 1 (n=82; postmenopausal women + adult men), safety/PK-primary. Combining trevogrumab (anti-GDF8) with garetosmab (anti-ActA) produced dose-dependent MRI thigh-muscle-volume and DXA lean-mass increases vs placebo, with reciprocal fat-mass reduction. NOT a disease-outcome efficacy trial.
• Mastaitis et al. 2025 — 'GDF8 and activin A blockade protects against GLP-1–induced muscle loss while enhancing fat loss in obese male mice and non-human primates' (Nature Communications) — Companion preclinical paper (same-day publication) testing trevogrumab + garetosmab against semaglutide-induced muscle loss in mice and non-human primates — the rationale behind NCT06299098.
• Latres et al. 2015 — 'Myostatin blockade with a fully human monoclonal antibody induces muscle hypertrophy and reverses muscle atrophy in young and aged mice' (Skeletal Muscle) — The foundational REGN1033 preclinical characterization paper; SPR + cell-based SMAD2/3 reporter assays plus mouse-atrophy models.
• 2026 narrative review — 'Pharmacological intervention: Challenges and promising outcomes for fat loss and preservation of lean body mass in overweight and type 2 diabetes' — Groups trevogrumab and garetosmab with bimagrumab, apitegromab and SRK-439 as investigational myostatin/activin-pathway agents; characterizes the class evidence as 'promising but preliminary,' pending larger controlled trials.
• Baik & Lee 2025 — 'Emerging Role of Myostatin Inhibitors in the Management of GLP-1-Associated Sarcopenia and Metabolic Disorders' (J Bone Metab, PMID 41423189) — Names trevogrumab and references the ongoing NCT06299098 trial; class-level review, not trevogrumab-specific primary data.
• Regeneron press release — Phase 2 COURAGE 26-week results, EASD late-breaker (Sep 17, 2025) — Company press release + conference presentation, NOT peer-reviewed — reports that adding trevogrumab (± garetosmab) to semaglutide reduced the semaglutide-induced lean-mass LOSS by roughly half over 26 weeks. Interim readout of the still-ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING NCT06299098; explicitly NOT counted toward completedHumanRcts (no peer-reviewed publication exists as of 2026-07-16).

5 registered trials — 0 currently recruiting.

Phase 2
NCT06299098
A Study to Test if Trevogrumab or Trevogrumab With Garetosmab When Taken With Semaglutide is Safe and How Well They Work in Adult Patients With Obesity for Weight Loss, Fat Loss, and Lean Mass Preservation

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Phase 2
NCT01963598
Study of the Safety and Efficacy of REGN1033 (SAR391786) in Patients With Sarcopenia

COMPLETED

Phase 1
NCT01910220
Study to Assess the Safety and Bioeffect of REGN1033 (SAR391786)

COMPLETED

Phase 1
NCT01720576
Study to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of Multiple Ascending Doses of REGN1033 (SAR391786)

COMPLETED

Phase 1
NCT02943239
Study of Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of REGN2477 Alone and in Combination With REGN1033 in Healthy Postmenopausal Women and Healthy Adult Men

COMPLETED

Summary (literature)

No FDA or other regulatory prescribing information exists for trevogrumab, as it is an unapproved investigational biologic. The foundational preclinical paper (PMID 26457176) reported chronic treatment was well tolerated in mice at the doses studied, with no safety signals descri…

WADA status

Not specifically named on the WADA Prohibited List (trevogrumab has no INN-specific listing identified). However, as a myostatin-pathway antagonist, it would ve…

Dominant research route: Subcutaneous. Every trial beyond the original first-in-human PK study — including both completed randomized placebo-controlled Phase 2 trials (sarcopenia NCT01963598; obesity/COURAGE NCT06299098) — used SC dosing; IV appears only as the PK-reference arm in the earliest single-ascending-dose safety study.

The dominant route across the trevogrumab (REGN1033) program: preclinical mouse and obese-cynomolgus-monkey studies, plus every human trial past the first-in-human stage — a Phase 1 multiple-ascending-dose safety study (NCT01720576), a completed Phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled sarcopenia trial (NCT01963598, n=253, SC 100–300 mg on Q2W/Q4W schedules, primary completion Jan 2015), and the ongoing Phase 2 'COURAGE' obesity trial pairing SC trevogrumab with semaglutide, with or without garetosmab (garetosmab is administered IV, not SC).

Bioavailability: No published absolute SC bioavailability percentage for trevogrumab specifically. Trial-protocol amounts reported by the sponsor/registry (and, for the sarcopenia trial, corroborated in the peer-reviewed literature: 300 mg SC Q2W, 300 mg SC Q4W, 100 mg SC Q4W) fall in the low-hundreds-of-mg per injection — these are study amounts, NOT a dosing recommendation.

Describes what has been studied in Regeneron-sponsored trials, not a protocol for self-administration. [Verification corrected: the COURAGE 'Q2W–Q4W' dosing frequency was dropped — not stated in the primary registry/press sources — and garetosmab's route corrected to IV.]

Characterized only in the original first-in-human single-ascending-dose (SAD) safety/tolerability/PK study (NCT01507402), which included an IV arm alongside an SC ascending-dose arm in healthy volunteers (Regeneron/Sanofi, Phase 1, n=76). No later-phase trial used the IV route. [Verification corrected/dropped: the first-pass 'up to 10 mg/kg IV / up to 400 mg SC' dose magnitudes for this trial appear NOWHERE in the primary ClinicalTrials.gov record — doses are abstracted as 'Dose regimen 1-9' — and were removed as an unverified web-synthesis artifact (also barred by the RUO no-first-party-dosing floor).]

Bioavailability: 100% bioavailable by definition (IV is the PK reference route). No compound-specific half-life value for trevogrumab was found in the sources reviewed; a related Regeneron preclinical paper notes IgG-class antibodies are generally presumed to have durable action from an extended antibody half-life — a drug-class statement, not a measured trevogrumab-specific parameter.

Used only for early-phase human PK/safety characterization; the later efficacy trials moved to SC-only dosing.

Animal & human figures are kept visibly separate so studied animal doses are never misread as human guidance.

Sorted A–Z by vendor — never by price

Researched storefront prices, bucketed

p25 $233.00 · median $780.00 · p75 $1391.00 · 12 researched vendors

Value rule: don't just buy the cheapest — a price under $3/mg is a red flag. Pair price with COA and independent-test grade.

Estimated cost of research (10 mg)

Vial (best researched price)

$1950

Bacteriostatic water (generic estimate)

$6

Syringes / supplies (generic estimate)

$12

What each test proves — general guidance, plus this compound's researched purity data

Independent labs cited for this compound

No product recall (Class I/II/III or otherwise) was found for trevogrumab (2020–2026) — reported honestly as an empty recall result, corroborated against openFDA drug-enforcement (NOT_FOUND). As an investigational biologic that has never held any regulatory approval or entered a legitimate commercial market, no formal recall mechanism applies; Regeneron's IND-controlled clinical-trial supply is not publicly recall-tracked. The load-bearing quality-integrity finding is the market-integrity event below: RUO vendors selling vials under the trevogrumab name despite no genuine commercial source existing.

Buyer red-flag checklist

• No legitimate commercial manufacturing of trevogrumab exists outside Regeneron/Sanofi's IND-controlled clinical-trial supply (no approval anywhere, no marketed brand) — a vendor offering a purchasable 'Trevogrumab' vial cannot be sourcing genuine sponsor drug product.
• Vendor 'HPLC purity + COA' claims for a full-length ~150 kDa antibody reuse the standard small-synthetic-peptide template; analytical HPLC alone does not establish antibody identity or purity, and no lab-named, batch-specific, publicly verifiable COA for a trevogrumab vial was located.
• Advertised RUO-market pricing (~$150–200 for a 1 mg vial) is far below plausible genuine investigational full-antibody production cost, consistent with a mislabeled or substituted (far cheaper) product sold under the trevogrumab name.
• Because no legitimate RUO commercial supply of this compound exists at all, any purchase under the trevogrumab name carries an outright substitution/mislabeling risk, not merely the purity-drift risk of a genuine grey-market peptide.
• The vendor listing 'Trevogrumab' at the top of search results (Swiss Chems) has an independent FDA warning-letter history (Dec 2024, other products) for marketing unapproved drugs for human use under RUO labeling — vendor-level context, not trevogrumab-specific.

GMP vs research-grade: the chemistry (SPPS + HPLC + MS) is identical — the difference is the quality system.

Underdosing / mislabeling: No independent third-party lab test (Janoshik, MZ Biolabs, Finnrick, etc.) of a vendor-sold 'Trevogrumab' vial was found — a Janoshik-specific search returned no report. This absence is itself notable: full-length ~150 kDa recombinant monoclonal antibodies require mammalian-cell expression and multi-step purification, and are properly identity/purity-characterized by SEC-HPLC, SDS-PAGE/CE, and intact-mass spectrometry — not the simple analytical-HPLC assay marketed for small synthetic peptides. Swiss Chems' 'Trevogrumab' listing language ('independently third-party HPLC-tested,' 'COA available per batch') reuses the vendor's small-peptide template, which is not a sufficient identity/purity method for an intact antibody and should be treated with skepticism.

• An RUO label is not an import exemption — CBP judges actual intended use.
• Lyophilized powder is ambient-stable in transit; temperature control needed for > 7-day transit.
• US-warehouse vendors dodge import scrutiny — they cost more but ship more reliably.

Every item dated & sourced

Prohibited at all times (in- and out-of-competition) by CLASS INCLUSION under WADA 2026 Prohibited List §S4.3, 'Agents Preventing Activin Receptor IIB Activation' (myostatin inhibitors), within S4 Hormone and Metabolic Modulators. Trevogrumab is a myostatin(GDF8)-neutralizing monoclonal antibody, so it falls in this class, but it is NOT individually enumerated on the 2026 List — the named examples are apitegromab, domagrozumab, landogrozumab and stamulumab (plus bimagrumab and ACE-031). Prohibited-by-class, not by-name; no approved human therapeutic use.

No granted patents identified in current seed. Composition-of-matter coverage is limited given the peptide's synthetic origin.

• IACUC / IRB research context
• RUO buyer responsibilities & documentation
• Veterinary / alternative-use where lawful
• Jurisdiction-aware "who may lawfully obtain"

What people discuss

Reported concerns — discussion, not established effects

Reading caveats

• Extremely thin sample for a newly-hyped, still-investigational compound — tone/theme reads may shift quickly as discourse accumulates.
• Hype-driven enhancement-forum framing discusses an unapproved clinical-trial-only biologic as if it were an accessible RUO market compound.
• SEO / AI-generated 'peptide wiki' sites list trevogrumab as a purchasable peptide — a category error (it is a monoclonal antibody biologic, not a small research peptide) with no legitimate consumer supply chain outside Regeneron's trials.
• Debunking / contrarian-influencer content (e.g. an 'ALL HYPE!' titled video) is driven by engagement incentives, not clinical assessment.
• At least one mainstream US RUO vendor (Swiss Chems) lists a 'Trevogrumab' 1 mg vial at ~$195 — implausible for an authentic ~150 kDa mAb — raising an unresolved product-identity/authenticity question no source in this sample directly settles; flagged for a human reviewer (see quality section).
• Institutional/pharma press (Regeneron newsroom, EASD-2025 trade coverage) dominates public information relative to genuine peer discourse, so this 'community' read is thinner and more press-mediated than a typical RUO peptide.

Manually researched from youtube— theme weights are research estimates, not live counts; aggregated & de-identified. No individual posts, quotes, or usernames are ever shown.

Relative research / market volume — populated once the activity stream is wired

Inline tooltips for lyophilized, RUO, EU/mg, SPPS, 503A and more.

Toggle plain-language ↔ scientific in the header.

• How to read a COA
• Free base vs acetate
• Understanding evidence grades

Investigational fully human anti-myostatin (GDF-8) monoclonal antibody from Regeneron (REGN1033/SAR391786), studied alone and combined with the anti-activin A antibody garetosmab for sarcopenia, muscle wasting, and preservation of lean mass during GLP-1-agonist-driven weight loss. Approximately 6 articles are indexed (literature last scanned 2026-07-16). US regulatory status: Unapproved investigational biologic; studied only under FDA-authorized clinical trials. Research use only.

Emitted as JSON-LD: ChemicalSubstance · BreadcrumbList · FAQPage.

• Price-drop & back-in-stock alerts
• Regulatory-change email digest
• Print / share this datasheet