SLU-PP-332

Areas of active research — not promised effects

Each tag links to other compounds with research into that goal. Research use only: these are areas of study, not human-use claims.

Related by research scope · open each to compare

SLU-PP-332 is not an approved drug, has no Investigational New Drug (IND) application on file, and has no authorized pathway for human use in the United States. It is not scheduled as a controlled substance under the DEA Controlled Substances Act. Because it is a synthetic small molecule — not a peptide — it is outside the scope of the 2025–2026 FDA review under docket FDA-2025-N-6895 that reclassified approximately 14 of 19 Category 2 bulk peptide substances. It may be sold by domestic research suppliers labeled for laboratory use only, not for human consumption.

Transparent blend · bci-1.0 · never paid-placement

Primary name

SLU-PP-332

Origin

SLU-PP-332 (4-hydroxy-N-[(E)-naphthalen-2-ylmethylideneamino]benzamide) was developed at Saint Louis University as a pharmacological probe to interrogate the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family of orphan nuclear receptors. Its synthesis was directed toward identifying tool compounds capable of activating all three ERR subtypes (α, β, γ) simultaneously, enabling study of the transcriptional networks these receptors govern in oxidative metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and energy homeostasis. The compound is not derived from any natural peptide or hormone precursor; it is a de novo synthetic scaffold. It is distinct from estrogen receptor (ERα/ERβ) agonists — ERRs are constitutively active orphan nuclear receptors with no identified endogenous ligand. CAS 303760-60-3; PubChem CID 5338394; ChEMBL CHEMBL4208749; InChIKey RNZIMBFHRXYRLL-XDHOZWIPSA-N; MW 290.3 g/mol; formula C18H14N2O2.

Registry IDs

PubChem CID

5338394

CAS

303760-60-3

InChIKey

RNZIMBFHRXYRLL-XDHOZWIPSA-N

ChEMBL

CHEMBL4208749

Molecular formula

C18H14N2O2

Molar mass

290.3 g/mol

Monoisotopic

290.105527694 Da

InChIKey

RNZIMBFHRXYRLL-XDHOZWIPSA-N

Appearance

White to off-white powder

Solubility

Very poorly soluble in water (~0.2 µM aqueous solubility per HLM assay data); so…

Sequence not available in current seed.

Stability: Stable as a dry solid under recommended cold-chain storage. The E-configured hydrazone bond (confirmed by crystal structure) is stable under standard laboratory

Vial sizes

null mg

Purity grades

≥98% (HPLC) / ≥99% (HPLC)

Salt forms

Free base (primary)

• GHS hazard class on file
• PPE & spill response
• Disposal guidance
• Not-for-human-consumption posture

How much research exists, and of what maturity — never a verdict on whether it works.

Mechanism of action

• SLU-PP-332 binds as a full agonist at ERRα (EC50 ~98 nM), ERRβ (EC50 ~230 nM), and ERRγ (EC50 ~430 nM), with the naphthalene ring engaging π-π stacking contacts with phenylalanine residues in the ERRα ligand-binding domain that confer preferential potency at this subtype
• Upon receptor occupancy, the activated ERR/PGC-1α coactivator complex drives transcription of gene networks governing oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis — a program that substantially overlaps with the acute transcriptional response to aerobic exercise
• In skeletal muscle of treated mice, this manifests as increased type IIa oxidative fiber content, elevated succinate dehydrogenase activity, expansion of mitochondrial density (confirmed by electron microscopy), and upregulation of OXPHOS complexes I and V
• In cardiac tissue, ERR activation — primarily through ERRγ — restores fatty acid substrate utilization and attenuates fibrosis in pressure-overload heart failure models

Pharmacokinetics (ADME)

Half-life

Human liver microsome (HLM) in vitro t½ ~31 min (intrinsic clearance ~22 µL/min/mg), per SAR study (PMID 13112601 PMC); in vivo half-life in rodents not formally reported in indexed literature

Clearance

Primarily hepatic; high microsomal turnover in HLM assays; biliary/fecal elimination inferred from rodent tissue distribution data

PK–PD note: Plasma levels in mice at 2 h post-IP dose (50 mg/kg) were ~0.2 µM, with skeletal muscle concentrations ~0.6 µM, indicating preferential tissue accumulation over plasma (PMC11584170). Oral bioavailabil…

Reading the evidence

• Evidence quality and gaps vary by application — see the cited grades above.
• Indexed-article counts span all evidence tiers, not only completed human trials.
• No first-party human-dosing, efficacy, or benefit claims are made here.

Key reviews & evidence-gap sources

• Billon C et al. A Synthetic ERR Agonist Alleviates Metabolic Syndrome. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2024 Feb;388(2):232-240. PMID 37739806. — Primary preclinical study; mouse models of obesity/metabolic syndrome (DIO and ob/ob). No human data.
• Wang XX et al. Estrogen-Related Receptor Agonism Reverses Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammation in the Aging Kidney. Am J Pathol. 2023 Dec;193(12):1969-1987. PMID 37717940. — Aging mouse kidney; SLU-PP-332 administered to 21-month-old mice for 8 weeks.
• Billon C et al. Synthetic ERRα/β/γ Agonist Induces an ERRα-Dependent Acute Aerobic Exercise Response and Enhances Exercise Capacity. ACS Chem Biol. 2023 Apr;18(4):756-771. PMID 36988910. — Original characterization of SLU-PP-332 as exercise mimetic; mouse exercise-capacity data.
• Möller et al. In Vitro Metabolism and Analytical Characterization of SLU-PP-332 and SLU-PP-915: Novel Pan-ERR Agonists With Doping Potential. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2026;40(8). — Doping-control analytical characterization; identifies doping-control relevance, not efficacy.
• Eissa ME. SLU-PP-332 AND RELATED ERRα AGONISTS: A FOCUSED MINIREVIEW... UJPR 2025;10(3). — RETRACTED. Narrative minireview (not a systematic review); flagged retracted status on publisher page.
• Superpower — SLU-PP-332: A Pan-ERR Agonist Research Tool Compound (guide). — Aggregator guide; states all efficacy data comes from mouse studies; cites Li & Laher 2017 caution on exercise-mimetic translation.

No registered human trials found for this compound.

Status

No registered trials found

Summary (literature)

Acute safety data in rodents are reassuring at research doses: mice administered SLU-PP-332 at 50 mg/kg IP twice daily for up to 10 days showed no overt signs of toxicity, no significant elevation of serum creatine kinase (suggesting absence of skeletal muscle toxicity), and norm…

WADA status

Prohibited at all times under the WADA Prohibited List, classified under S4 Hormone and Metabolic Modulators. SLU-PP-332 has been cited as prohibited under S4.4…

Dominant research route: Intraperitoneal (IP) injection in mice

Mouse (C57BL/6J, DIO, ob/ob). Single 30 mg/kg i.p. dose with plasma/muscle sampling at 2 and 6 h; chronic 50 mg/kg i.p. twice daily for 10–28 days.

Bioavailability: After 30 mg/kg i.p. in mice, plasma concentration 0.2 μM and skeletal muscle 0.6 μM were measured at 6 hours post-dose by mass spectrometry (Billon et al., 2023).

Dominant route in all published in-vivo SLU-PP-332 studies; vehicle was DMSO. IP approximates systemic exposure and is not a human-accessible route.

No published preclinical PK study located; appears only as a community-accessible analogue of the IP route via reconstituted lyophilized vials.

Bioavailability: No peer-reviewed SC pharmacokinetic data identified for SLU-PP-332; community sources describe SC as slower, more sustained absorption vs. IP without citation.

Aggregate community route; not validated in primary literature. Sample-level only.

Not studied as an effective systemic route for the parent compound; oral/extended-release formulations described as 'under development.'

Bioavailability: Billon et al. (2025, PMID 41421047) introduced SLU-PP-915 as an 'orally active' sibling specifically because the parent SLU-PP-332 'lacks oral bioavailability.'

Oral capsules/tablets are the most common vendor format despite the cited lack of oral bioavailability of the parent compound; no published human systemic-exposure data for oral SLU-PP-332.

Animal & human figures are kept visibly separate so studied animal doses are never misread as human guidance.

Sorted A–Z by vendor — never by price

Weekly median $/mg from the live vendor crawl.

Researched storefront prices, bucketed

p25 $3.33 · median $4.97 · p75 $7.58 · 10 researched vendors

Legit, COA-backed band: $3.00–$7.80/mg.

Value rule: don't just buy the cheapest — a price under $3/mg is a red flag. Pair price with COA and independent-test grade.

Estimated cost of research (10 mg)

Vial (best researched price)

$15

Bacteriostatic water (generic estimate)

$6

Syringes / supplies (generic estimate)

$12

What each test proves — general guidance, plus this compound's researched purity data

Purity on the current market (researched)

98.98% (MedChemExpress catalog lot, HY-155673); vendor-advertised 99%+ with third-party Janoshik testing commonly cited across Chinese wholesale suppliers

Independent labs cited for this compound

No FDA recalls, enforcement actions, seizures, or import alerts specific to SLU-PP-332 were found in publicly available FDA enforcement databases or Federal Register records as of search date. This is an honest 'none found' result, not confirmation of absence.

Buyer red-flag checklist

• Oral SLU-PP-332 capsules/tablets marketed with 'high oral bioavailability' claims contradict Billon 2025 (PMID 41421047), which identified the parent compound's lack of oral bioavailability as the reason SLU-PP-915 was developed.
• Pricing below $1/mg with no COA on a synthesized small molecule suggests cut product or inert powder sold under the SLU-PP-332 label.
• In-house vendor COAs are self-reports, not third-party verification; only Janoshik and MZ Biolabs publish verifiable report-lookup tools.
• COA lot numbers that do not match the vial label, or COAs older than 12 months, are red flags for mislabeled or stale product.
• Multiple Chinese wholesale suppliers (Made-in-China platform) advertise '99% purity SLU-PP-332 with Janoshik testing' — these are unverified marketing claims and the underlying Janoshik reports are not independently confirmable for each vendor.
• SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic small molecule (MW ~419.4 Da, C22H21N5O3), not a peptide; vendors mislabeling it as a peptide may skip small-molecule identity confirmation (NMR/LC-MS/MS), which is non-negotiable for this compound class.
• Online dosing recommendations vary by a factor of ~1,000 (250 mcg/day to 400-800 mg/day), indicating an unstandardized, unregulated market.

GMP vs research-grade: the chemistry (SPPS + HPLC + MS) is identical — the difference is the quality system.

Underdosing / mislabeling: No SLU-PP-332-specific independent lab test results (Janoshik/MZ Biolabs/Finnrick) showing underdosing or purity shortfalls were retrievable. The Janoshik test report (test ID 66735) exists but returned HTTP 403 on retrieval, so the actual measured purity value could not be verified. General gray-market peptide testing aggregates note lower-tier vendors frequently show 71-91% actual purity despite claiming 99%+, but this is not SLU-PP-332-specific data.

• An RUO label is not an import exemption — CBP judges actual intended use.
• Lyophilized powder is ambient-stable in transit; temperature control needed for > 7-day transit.
• US-warehouse vendors dodge import scrutiny — they cost more but ship more reliably.

Every item dated & sourced

Prohibited class. WADA prohibits exercise mimetics and metabolic modulators in sport; SLU-PP-332 falls within this prohibited class (S4 Hormone and Metabolic Modulators). Secondary sources specifically cite listing under S4.5 metabolic modulators, but the WADA list page could not be directly retrieved (JavaScript-gated).

No granted patents identified in current seed. Composition-of-matter coverage is limited given the peptide's synthetic origin.

• IACUC / IRB research context
• RUO buyer responsibilities & documentation
• Veterinary / alternative-use where lawful
• Jurisdiction-aware "who may lawfully obtain"

What people discuss

Reported concerns — discussion, not established effects

Reading caveats

• Vendor-affiliated subreddits (r/amino_asylum, r/ParamountPeptide, r/APRHealthSolutions) driving discourse
• Vendor blogs (redfoxpeptides, lotilabs, anabolicplanner, jaycampbell) presenting marketing as research
• Small molecule routinely mislabeled as 'peptide' in community discussion
• Self-experimentation anecdotes without controls
• Contested oral bioavailability claims between vendors

Manually researched from reddit, youtube— theme weights are research estimates, not live counts; aggregated & de-identified. No individual posts, quotes, or usernames are ever shown.

Relative research / market volume — populated once the activity stream is wired

Inline tooltips for lyophilized, RUO, EU/mg, SPPS, 503A and more.

Toggle plain-language ↔ scientific in the header.

• How to read a COA
• Free base vs acetate
• Understanding evidence grades

Synthetic pan-ERR agonist (ERRα/β/γ) that mimics aerobic exercise gene programs in rodents; preclinical only, no human trials, RUO small molecule. Approximately 10 articles are indexed (literature last scanned 2026-05-29). US regulatory status: Not FDA-approved; research use only; not subject to the FDA-19 peptide compounding framework. Research use only.

Emitted as JSON-LD: ChemicalSubstance · BreadcrumbList · FAQPage.

• Price-drop & back-in-stock alerts
• Regulatory-change email digest
• Print / share this datasheet