Pramlintide

Areas of active research — not promised effects

Each tag links to other compounds with research into that goal. Research use only: these are areas of study, not human-use claims.

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Pramlintide acetate (Symlin) is a Schedule-uncontrolled FDA-approved prescription-only injectable. It is legally available when dispensed pursuant to a valid prescription for its approved indications (adjunct to mealtime insulin in T1D and T2D). It is not on the FDA-19 peptide list. The 2026 HHS/FDA compounding Category-2 motion concerns peptides nominated for compounding bulk lists; pramlintide is an approved drug and does not require a bulk-substance listing for standard dispensing, though off-label compounding from bulk would be subject to standard 503A/503B restrictions on approved drugs.

Transparent blend · bci-1.0 · never paid-placement

Primary name

Pramlintide

Origin

Synthetic 37-amino-acid analogue of human amylin (islet amyloid polypeptide, IAPP), the endogenous peptide co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic beta-cells. Three proline substitutions (at positions 25, 28, and 29) prevent the fibril aggregation that limits native amylin's clinical utility.

Registry IDs

PubChem CID

70691388

CAS

151126-32-8

InChIKey

TZIRZGBAFTZREM-MKAGXXMWSA-N

DrugBank

DB01278

ChEMBL

CHEMBL2103758

Molecular formula

C171H267N51O53S2

Molar mass

3949 g/mol

Monoisotopic

3946.9206749 Da

InChIKey

TZIRZGBAFTZREM-MKAGXXMWSA-N

Appearance

White to off-white lyophilised powder (bulk); clear, colourless solution when reconstituted or in pre-filled pen

Solubility

Soluble in aqueous solution at acidic pH; formulated as acetate salt (pramlintid…

Sequence not available in current seed.

Stability: Stable as acetate salt in acidic aqueous solution; susceptible to aggregation at neutral/basic pH or elevated temperature. Do not mix with insulin in the same s

Vial sizes

null mg

Purity grades

pharmaceutical

Salt forms

Free base (primary)

• GHS hazard class on file
• PPE & spill response
• Disposal guidance
• Not-for-human-consumption posture

How much research exists, and of what maturity — never a verdict on whether it works.

Mechanism of action

• Pramlintide activates amylin receptors (heteromeric complexes of calcitonin receptor and receptor-activity-modifying proteins RAMP1/2/3) in the brainstem and hypothalamus, as well as in peripheral tissues
• By mimicking endogenous amylin, it slows gastric emptying rate post-meal, thereby blunting the rate of nutrient absorption and dampening the postprandial glucose excursion
• It also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha-cells during meals—an effect that is glucose-dependent—and promotes satiety signalling through central amylin receptor pathways, reducing caloric intake at meals
• These three actions are complementary to, and do not depend on, the insulin pathway

Pharmacokinetics (ADME)

Half-life

Approximately 48 minutes (range 30–50 min) following subcutaneous injection

Clearance

Primarily renal; metabolised mainly in the kidneys; not extensively bound to albumin (~40% plasma protein-bound)

PK–PD note: Peak serum concentrations reached within ~20–30 minutes of subcutaneous injection; pharmacodynamic effect on gastric emptying persists approximately 3 hours. Renal impairment prolongs half-life (demon…

Reading the evidence

• Evidence quality and gaps vary by application — see the cited grades above.
• Indexed-article counts span all evidence tiers, not only completed human trials.
• No first-party human-dosing, efficacy, or benefit claims are made here.

5 registered trials — 1 currently recruiting.

Phase 3
NCT01137695
Efficacy Study of High Dose Symlin to Treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

UNKNOWN

NA
NCT07506369
Pancreatic Polypeptide as a Modulator of Amylin- Induced Satiety in Healthy Humans

RECRUITING

Phase 4
NCT01269047
Use of Exenatide and Pramlintide to Decrease Post-prandial Hyperglycemia

COMPLETED

Phase 3
NCT00107107
Study of the Long-Term Safety of Pramlintide in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

COMPLETED

Phase 2
NCT00189514
A Study to Examine the Long Term Effect of Pramlintide on Body Weight and Its Safety and Tolerability in Obese Subjects

COMPLETED

Summary (literature)

Pramlintide carries an FDA boxed (black box) warning for severe hypoglycaemia, which can occur within 3 hours of injection—particularly in type 1 diabetes—due to the mandatory 50% mealtime insulin dose reduction required at initiation. In pivotal trials involving 1,297 insulin-tr…

WADA status

Not specifically listed on WADA Prohibited List. Pramlintide is an FDA-approved therapeutic (Symlin) with no established performance-enhancing application in sp…

Dominant research route: Subcutaneous (SC)

FDA-approved route in humans (type 1 and type 2 diabetes); absolute bioavailability ~30–40% after single SC dose; linear dose-dependent exposure across abdominal and thigh injection sites; peak plasma ~20 min, half-life ~48 min

Bioavailability: Absolute bioavailability of a single SC dose is approximately 30–40%; rapidly absorbed with peak levels within ~20 min

SYMLIN (pramlintide acetate) is formulated as a clear, isotonic, sterile solution for subcutaneous administration only; the FDA label specifies SC use. This is the dominant and only approved route.

Human PK/PD study in 25 type 1 diabetes subjects receiving bolus and 2-h IV infusions at three dose levels (crossover, placebo-controlled); two-compartment model with first-order elimination. Also IV reference in mice (plasma half-life 6.8 min).

Bioavailability: IV used as reference for absolute bioavailability determination and mechanism-based PK modeling; not a marketed route

IV pramlintide studied only for PK characterization and modeling (e.g., Fang et al. 2013, AAPS J); not an approved or commercial route. An IV PK model was the basis for revising the SC PK model in artificial pancreas research.

Animal study (adult male Swiss mice): intranasal pramlintide (200 µg/kg) compared with intraperitoneal administration; refeeding test, gastric emptying, 8-day subchronic food intake/body mass

Bioavailability: Intranasal route showed a trend toward anorexigenic effect but was not comparable in magnitude to intraperitoneal at equivalent dose; authors note bioavailability issue to be overcome

Preclinical exploration of intranasal pramlintide as an alternative to repeated SC injections to improve adherence; no human data.

Animal study (mice): intraperitoneal pramlintide (200 µg/kg) as comparator arm to intranasal; anorexigenic dose 200 µg/kg; reduced gastric emptying

Bioavailability: IP served as positive/reference route in mouse pharmacology study; not a human route

IP used only as a comparator route in preclinical mouse studies; no human relevance.

Animal study (mice): gastric-resistant Eudragit S100 polymeric microparticles loaded with pramlintide; oral delivery showed protracted release for 120 min vs 30 min for pramlintide in solution; IV reference half-life 6.8 min in mice

Bioavailability: Oral bioavailability not quantified; encapsulation efficiency 83.2% ± 2.7; protracted plasma release demonstrated in mice only

Oral route explored preclinically via acid-resistant microparticles; no human oral data. Pramlintide is prone to amyloid aggregation in solution across a broad pH range (acidic to alkaline), a stability challenge for oral formulation.

Animal & human figures are kept visibly separate so studied animal doses are never misread as human guidance.

Sorted A–Z by vendor — never by price

Pramlintide is a long-approved (2005) amylin analog with no generic and limited research-chem demand; reagent pricing stable. No clear directional signal from retrieved pages.

Researched storefront prices, bucketed

p25 $339.93 · median $344.00 · p75 $440.00 · 6 researched vendors

Legit, COA-backed band: $339.93–$635.00/mg.

Value rule: don't just buy the cheapest — a price under $3/mg is a red flag. Pair price with COA and independent-test grade.

Estimated cost of research (10 mg)

Vial (best researched price)

$460

Bacteriostatic water (generic estimate)

$6

Syringes / supplies (generic estimate)

$12

What each test proves — general guidance, plus this compound's researched purity data

Independent labs cited for this compound

none found — no FDA enforcement recalls or market withdrawals specific to pramlintide/Symlin were identified in FDA enforcement reports or drug recall databases. The product was discontinued (Oct 2025) but not recalled.

Buyer red-flag checklist

• Pramlintide (Symlin) was discontinued in the US in October 2025; any pramlintide sold in the US after discontinuation may be unapproved, counterfeit, or improperly stored.
• Symlin carries a boxed warning for severe hypoglycemia, particularly when used with mealtime insulin; a FDA-mandated REMS was in place from 2014.
• No independent third-party lab testing data (Janoshik/Finnrick/MZ Biolabs) was found for pramlintide, unlike more commonly tested research peptides (e.g., retatrutide, tirzepatide, BPC-157).
• Pramlintide has a short elimination half-life (~48 minutes) and is a large 37-amino-acid peptide with a disulfide bond, making synthesis and stability more challenging than smaller research peptides.
• Community discussions reference potential amyloid aggregation concerns with amylin analogs, though pramlintide was specifically designed as a non-aggregating synthetic analog.

GMP vs research-grade: the chemistry (SPPS + HPLC + MS) is identical — the difference is the quality system.

Underdosing / mislabeling: No independent lab testing data (Janoshik, MZ Biolabs, Finnrick) was found for pramlintide specifically. Finnrick's published product list does not include pramlintide, and no Janoshik public test results for pramlintide were identified.

• An RUO label is not an import exemption — CBP judges actual intended use.
• Lyophilized powder is ambient-stable in transit; temperature control needed for > 7-day transit.
• US-warehouse vendors dodge import scrutiny — they cost more but ship more reliably.

Every item dated & sourced

Not specifically listed on the WADA Prohibited List. Pramlintide is an FDA-approved drug (approved 2005, now discontinued in US) and does not appear under S0 (Non-Approved Substances), S2 (Peptide Hormones/Growth Factors), or insulin-related provisions. No WADA prohibition specific to pramlintide was found.

No granted patents identified in current seed. Composition-of-matter coverage is limited given the peptide's synthetic origin.

• IACUC / IRB research context
• RUO buyer responsibilities & documentation
• Veterinary / alternative-use where lawful
• Jurisdiction-aware "who may lawfully obtain"

What people discuss

Reported concerns — discussion, not established effects

Reading caveats

• Small review sample (n=36 on WebMD)
• Self-selection bias toward strong opinions
• Discontinuation event may skew sentiment negative
• Off-label weight loss discussion may attract non-indication users

Manually researched from reddit— theme weights are research estimates, not live counts; aggregated & de-identified. No individual posts, quotes, or usernames are ever shown.

Relative research / market volume — populated once the activity stream is wired

Inline tooltips for lyophilized, RUO, EU/mg, SPPS, 503A and more.

Toggle plain-language ↔ scientific in the header.

• How to read a COA
• Free base vs acetate
• Understanding evidence grades

FDA-approved synthetic amylin analogue (Symlin) reducing postprandial glucose in insulin-treated type 1 and type 2 diabetes via amylinomimetic action. Approximately 494 articles are indexed (literature last scanned 2026-05-29). US regulatory status: FDA-approved prescription drug (NDA 021332). Research use only.

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