Sign inCompoundsIGF-1 DES
Layer A — first-party, cited authorityLayer B — disclaimed UGC & research toolsNo first-party human-dosing guidance, ever.
00–01 · 40 · 15

Overview

The single most cited surface

IGF-1 DES

Research use only

N-terminally truncated IGF-1 variant with reduced IGFBP binding and heightened local receptor potency; studied in muscle, bone, and neural tissue models.

Endogenous peptide variant / IGF-1 analog (truncated)DES(1-3)IGF-1
Muscle researchBone metabolismNeuroprotection researchGrowth factor signaling
6studies indexed
6sources cited
2026-05-29 last verified
Best verified price / mg
$70.99/mg
across 4 tracked vendors · United States
Median $/mg
$75.00
Studies indexed
6
Evidence maturity
Preclinical · 45/100
Community sentiment
Divided reception · 51/100

Researched goals

CitedgoalTags

Areas of active research — not promised effects

Each tag links to other compounds with research into that goal. Research use only: these are areas of study, not human-use claims.

Similar peptides

DerivedM11 · M23

Related by research scope · open each to compare

Status at a glance

CitedM0
Evidence: Animal / in-vitroUnited States: Research use only; not FDA-approved; not on 503A Category 2 listWADA prohibited

DES(1-3)IGF-1 is not an FDA-approved drug and has not been evaluated under an active IND. It is not listed on the FDA 503A Category 2 bulk drug substances list and was not among the 12 peptides removed from that list in April 2026, nor among the seven under PCAC review at the July 23–24, 2026 meeting (docket FDA-2025-N-6895). It may be sold as a research chemical only; it may not be compounded for human administration or marketed with therapeutic claims.

Buyer-confidence index

DerivedM40
Provisional · live crawl in progress
Guarded · provisionalConfidence too low to show a precise number
Legal clarity64
Quality verifiability36
Market integrity56
Community reception51
Market depth82

Transparent blend · bci-1.0 · never paid-placement

Sourcing sub-inputs

DerivedM40
LegalclarityQualityverifiabilityMarketintegrityCommunityreceptionMarketdepth

5 cited sub-inputs, scored 0–100, before weighting.

Trust & provenance

CitedM15
PC
Reviewed by the PeptideCompass editorial team
Independent · no paid placement · last verified 2026-05-29
Changelog & edit history Methodology Report an error
01 · 02 · 25 · 09 · 37 · 38

Identity & chemistry

Identity & registry

CitedM1
Primary name
IGF-1 DES
Length
195 aa
Origin
DES(1-3)IGF-1 is a naturally occurring N-terminal tripeptide-truncated form of human IGF-1 (UniProt P05019). The removal of Gly-Pro-Glu from the N-terminus markedly reduces binding affinity for circulating IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), particularly IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3, while retaining full IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) engagement. It is isolated from bovine colostrum and from fetal brain tissue, and is also produced recombinantly for research use.

Chemical & physical

CitedM2
Appearance
White to off-white lyophilized powder
Solubility
Soluble in dilute acetic acid (0.1–1% v/v); sparingly soluble in water alone

Structure & sequence

CitedM25
ribbon viewerinteractive · drop PDB/MOL to compare

Sequence · one-letter

MNG2K3I4S5S6L7P8T9Q10L11F12K13C14C15F16C17D18F19L20K21V22K23M24H25T26M27S28S29S30H31L32F33Y34L35A36L37C38L39L40T41F42T43S44S45A46T47A48G49P50E51T52L53C54G55A56E57L58V59D60A61L62Q63F64V65C66G67D68R69G70F71Y72F73N74K75P76T77G78Y79G80S81S82S83R84R85A86P87Q88T89G90I91V92D93E94C95C96F97R98S99C100D101L102R103R104L105E106M107Y108C109A110P111L112K113P114A115K116S117A118R119S120V121R122A123Q124R125H126T127D128M129P130K131T132Q133K134Y135Q136P137P138S139T140N141K142N143T144K145S146Q147R148R149K150G151W152P153K154T155H156P157G158G159E160Q161K162E163G164T165E166A167S168L169Q170I171R172G173K174K175K176E177Q178R179R180E181I182G183S184R185N186A187E188C189R190G191K192K193G194KC

Storage, stability & degradation

CitedM2 · M38

Storage

Lyophilized: Store at -20°C, protected from light and moisture; stable for up to 24 months under recommended conditions
Reconstituted: Store at 4°C; use within 14–21 days. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Shelf-life: 24 months lyophilized (vendor-typical); 14–21 days post-reco

Tell-tale degradation

  • Cloudiness or clumping
  • Discoloration
  • Failed reconstitution

Stability: Susceptible to protease degradation in biological fluids; maintain cold chain. Avoid exposure to oxidizing agents.

Forms & specifications

CitedM9
Vial sizes
0.1 mg · 0.5 mg
Purity grades
≥95% HPLC / ≥98% HPLC
Salt forms
Free base (primary)

SDS & lab handling

CitedM37
  • GHS hazard class on file
  • PPE & spill response
  • Disposal guidance
  • Not-for-human-consumption posture
03 · 04 · 4A · 30 · 05

Evidence & efficacy

Evidence at a glance

DerivedM4

How much research exists, and of what maturity — never a verdict on whether it works.

Preclinical45 / 100
0/3studied applications reach human-grade evidence
0completed, published human efficacy RCTs

Human efficacy is unproven: no completed, published human efficacy RCT establishes that this compound works in people. All maturity below is literature volume and kind — never a verdict on effect. No completed, published human efficacy RCT — capped at Preclinical.

Indexed articles by era

Volume and kind of literature, over time.

1985-1995 (discovery & characterization)
1996-2010 (lab-reagent era)
2011-2026 (declining primary use)

Across all eras, by kind

Animal / in-vitro125
Mechanistic85
Human0

Mechanism research coverage

Which pathways the research probes.

ReducedIGFB…IGF-1recept…PI3KMAPKEnhancedin …

Does it actually work? — proven vs anecdotal

CitedM4A
ApplicationScientific evidence (cited)GradeCommunity-reported
Skeletal muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophyRodent in vitro and in vivo studies reported that DES(1-3)IGF-1 stimulates myoblast proliferation and protein synthesis …Animal / in-vitroCommunity reports vary; no validated human efficacy data.
Bone formation and cartilage repairEarly studies in animal models demonstrated that des(1-3)IGF-1 stimulates osteoblast activity and cartilage matrix synth…Animal / in-vitroCommunity reports vary; no validated human efficacy data.
Neuronal survival and central nervous system modelsIn vitro and rodent studies have examined des(1-3)IGF-1 as a neurotrophic agent, finding pro-survival effects on neurons…Animal / in-vitroCommunity reports vary; no validated human efficacy data.
Strong humanLimited humanAnimal / in-vitroMechanisticAnecdotal only

Pharmacology

CitedM3

Mechanism of action

  • DES(1-3)IGF-1 binds the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) tyrosine kinase with potency comparable to or slightly exceeding that of full-length IGF-1, activating downstream PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK cascades that drive cell survival, proliferation, and protein synthesis
  • Because the N-terminal tripeptide is the primary IGFBP interaction site, the truncated form circulates largely unbound in local tissue environments, delivering an amplified receptor signal relative to equivalent molar doses of native IGF-1
  • Early research demonstrated 5–10-fold greater in vitro mitogenic potency in some cell lines compared to IGF-1, attributed to this reduced sequestration
  • In animal models the peptide has been studied for roles in skeletal muscle hypertrophy, bone formation, and neuronal survival, particularly in contexts where endogenous IGFBP concentrations are elevated

Pharmacokinetics (ADME)

Half-life
Approximately 20–30 minutes (plasma, estimated from animal studies); substantially shorter than IGF-1 LR3
Clearance
Rapid proteolytic clearance; IGFBP-independent elimination kinetics inferred from blood-brain barrier transport studies

PK–PD note: Short plasma half-life favors peri-injection local tissue exposure; systemic distribution is limited compared to longer-acting IGF-1 analogs. PK data in humans are absent; figures derive from rodent a

Evidence & literature

CitedM4
6indexed articles
0registered human trials
2026-05-29last scanned

Reading the evidence

  • Evidence quality and gaps vary by application — see the cited grades above.
  • Indexed-article counts span all evidence tiers, not only completed human trials.
  • No first-party human-dosing, efficacy, or benefit claims are made here.

Key reviews & evidence-gap sources

Human-trial pipeline

CitedM30

No registered human trials found for this compound.

Status
No registered trials found

Safety profile

CitedM5

Summary (literature)

No controlled human safety data are available for DES(1-3)IGF-1. Based on its mechanism, risks expected to parallel those of IGF-1 class peptides include hypoglycemia (IGF-1R-mediated insulin-like glucose uptake), potential mitogenic stimulation of pre-existing neoplastic cells,

WADA status

Prohibited — WADA 2026 Prohibited List Section S2 (Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics) prohibits IGF-1 and its analogs both in- a

NEW

Routes of administration

How IGF-1 DES has been studied — pharmacology, not a protocol. RUO.

Dominant research route & oral stability

CitedRoutes

Dominant research route: Subcutaneous (osmotic pump infusion in rats and pigs)

Subcutaneous (SC)

Citedanimal invitro
Animal / in-vitro

Subcutaneous infusion via osmotic pumps in rats (dexamethasone-treated, gut-resection models) and neonatal/55 kg pigs

Bioavailability: In vivo animal studies administered des(1-3)IGF-I by subcutaneous osmotic infusion (e.g., 0.96 mg/kg/day in rats); selective anabolic effects were evident in gut tissues and the analogue was more potent than equimolar IGF-I.

Primary published route for des(1-3)IGF-I is subcutaneous infusion in rodent/porcine models; no human PK trial located.

Intramuscular (IM)

UGC · disclaimedhuman anecdotal
Community-reported

No peer-reviewed PK study of IM des(1-3)IGF-I located; route appears only in community/bodybuilding guidance

Bioavailability: Community sources describe IM injection into target muscle to exploit short half-life for localized effect; no controlled bioavailability data.

Aggregate community route; not supported by retrieved primary literature. Short 20-30 min half-life cited as rationale for site-specific IM use.

Oral (PO)

Citedmechanistic
Mechanistic

No oral des(1-3)IGF-I study located; parent IGF-I GI stability assessed in adult rat GI tract and simulated gastric/intestinal juice

Bioavailability: Pure IGF-I concentration decreases rapidly in simulated gastrointestinal juice due to proteolysis in the upper gut; casein and protease inhibitors limit degradation. DES-specific oral stability not directly tested in retrieved sources.

Oral-stability (not oral-absorption) data drawn from native IGF-I; DES is expected to be similarly protease-labile but unconfirmed.

4B · 10

Dosage reference & research tools

Dosage reference spectrum

UGC · disclaimedM4B
Studied rangeCitedAnimal · subcutaneous or intramuscular10–100 µg/kg/day
Vendor statedUGCHuman · subcutaneous or intramuscular50–150 µg/injection

CitedStudied doses (animal / preclinical)

Rodent studies have used subcutaneous or intramuscular doses in the range of 10–100 µg/kg/day to examine effects on muscle and bone. These figures are cited from animal research (PMIDs 9135565, 8603600, 1713160) and are not translatable to human use.

UGCCommunity-reported (not validated · not medical advice)

DISCLAIMER: Community and vendor sources report human research doses of 50–150 µg per injection site, administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. These figures are not validated by controlled human trials and are cited here only as a description of reported community practice. PeptideCompass does not endorse or recommend any dosing protocol.

Animal & human figures are kept visibly separate so studied animal doses are never misread as human guidance.

Reconstitution calculator

UGC · disclaimedM10
mg
mL
Concentration
5.00 mg/mL
For a 250 mcg reference unitdraw 0.050 mL= 5.0 units (U-100)
Reconstituted stability22 of 28 days left

Research unit-conversion only · not for human use

07 · 08 · 24 · 34 · 35 · 33

Vendors & price intelligence

United States

Vendor & price comparison

CitedM7 · M8

Sorted A–Z by vendor — never by price

Median $/mg
$75.00
Range $70.99$80.99
Vendors tracked
4
In stock
3
With COA
4
Weekly median · 4w

As of 2026-08-05· research-catalog listings, dated & cited — no ranking, no commission earned, never sorted by price. Research use only.

VendorFormat · sizePricePrice / mgCOAStockSource
CECenexa Labs
1 mgVial$74.99$74.992026-07-30
ELElement SARMs
1 mgVial$70.99$70.992026-07-26
GEGenX Peptides
1 mgVial$75.00$75.002026-08-05
UMUmbrella Labs
1 mgVial$80.99$80.992026-07-24

Crawled vendor listings, sorted A–Z by vendor — never by price.

Price-per-mg history

CitedM8
$75.00$75.00$74.993w2w1wnow

Weekly median $/mg from the live vendor crawl.

Price distribution

DerivedM8

Researched storefront prices, bucketed

Provisional · live crawl in progress
< $5
0 vendors
$5–6.9
0 vendors
$7–8.9
0 vendors
$9–10.9
1 vendors
≥ $11
5 vendors

p25 $34.95 · median $60.18 · p75 $114.95 · 7 researched vendors

Legit, COA-backed band: $30.00$120.00/mg.

Cross-region & vial-size economics

DerivedM8

Cross-region pricing

United States (researched)
$60.18/mg
Canada
Collecting
United Kingdom
Collecting
European Union
Collecting

Only the US market has been researched so far — no FX conversion is applied.

Vial-size economics

1 mg vial
6 vendors offer it
2 mg vial
1 vendor offers it
5 mg vial
1 vendor offers it
10 mg vial
1 vendor offers it

Bigger vials generally lower $/mg but raise reconstitution-waste risk.

Cost & value analytics

DerivedM24
Provisional · live crawl in progress
$10.61min /mg
$60.18median /mg
$114.98max /mg

Value rule: don't just buy the cheapest — a price under $3/mg is a red flag. Pair price with COA and independent-test grade.

Estimated cost of research (10 mg)

Vial (best researched price)
$106
Bacteriostatic water (generic estimate)
$6
Syringes / supplies (generic estimate)
$12

Vendor reliability

M34
No data availableOn-time / reship reliability metrics require the live crawl's fulfillment history, which is not collected yet.

Bulk / B2B procurement

M35
No data availableWholesale / vendor-direct pricing tiers are not researched yet.

Licensed clinics & 503A

CitedM33

Segregated from gray-market research vendors · shown only where lawful.

Opens as US reclassification formalizes
19 · 36 · 20 · 18 · 32

Quality, verification & alerts

Quality, testing & COA verification

CitedM19 · M36

What each test proves — general guidance, plus this compound's researched purity data

HPLC
Purity %
Mass spec (MS)
Identity — the only proof it is the right molecule
Potency / quantitation
Catches underdosing
Endotoxin (LAL)
EU/mg
Heavy metals
Contamination
Residual solvents
Process residue
Sterility / bioburden
Microbial
Lot / batch traceability
Provenance
Verify your vial's COA — paste a Janoshik task # to check authenticity & recency (< 6 mo).

Purity on the current market (researched)

Vendor-claimed purity for IGF-1 DES is typically ≥98–99% by HPLC. Independent testing guidance suggests pharmaceutical-grade should be 98–99%+, research-grade 95–98% acceptable, below 95% suggests poor synthesis or degradation, and below 90% likely indicates underdosing or heavy contamination. Aggregate Janoshik data (all peptides, 2024) found 43% of tested samples failed to meet label purity claims, with lower-tier vendors showing 71–91% purity despite claiming 99%+.

Independent labs cited for this compound

Reference MS/HPLC data not on file yet.

Counterfeit & recall alerts

CitedM20

No FDA recalls or market withdrawals specific to IGF-1 DES (Des(1-3) IGF-1) were found in the sources retrieved. IGF-1 DES has no FDA-approved drug application, so it does not appear in FDA recall databases as a named product.

Buyer red-flag checklist

  • No FDA-approved drug application exists for IGF-1 DES; any marketing for human use violates the FD&C Act section 505(a).
  • WADA prohibits all IGF-1 analogues including Des(1-3) IGF-1 under S2 at all times — athletes face sanctions including competition bans.
  • Mislabeling risk: IGF-1 DES may be substituted with native IGF-1 or IGF-1 LR3 due to structural similarity, as noted by community testing sources.
  • No human clinical trials, pharmacokinetic studies, or formal toxicology assessments exist for IGF-1 DES.
  • Vendor HPLC purity results are highly inconsistent across suppliers; independent COA verification (Janoshik or Colmaric) recommended before use.
  • USADA warns IGF-1 products may contain no active peptide, diluted substance, or harmful contaminants.
  • Janoshik aggregate data (2024): 43% of gray-market peptides failed label purity claims; lower-tier vendors tested 71–91% despite 99%+ claims.
  • Short half-life (~20–30 min) and lyophilized format increase risk of degradation if storage conditions are not maintained.

Manufacturing, grade & supply chain

CitedM18

GMP vs research-grade: the chemistry (SPPS + HPLC + MS) is identical — the difference is the quality system.

Underdosing / mislabeling: No IGF-1 DES-specific underdosing prevalence was found from independent lab tests. Aggregate Janoshik Analytical data across all peptides in 2024 showed a 43% failure rate against label purity claims, with lower-tier vendors testing at 71–91% purity despite 99%+ claims. Community sources note IGF-1 DES is particularly susceptible to mislabeling with native IGF-1 or IGF-1 LR3 due to structural similarity.

Shipping, customs & landed cost

CitedM32
  • Detention Without Physical Examination of Unapproved New Drugs Promoted In The U.S. Revised 05/19/2026. Authorizes DWPE of unapproved new drug products from firms on the Red List. Peptides marketed as research chemicals with human-use claims fall within scope. IGF-1 DES has no FDA-approved application (section 505(a) FD&C Act).66-41
  • An RUO label is not an import exemption — CBP judges actual intended use.
  • Lyophilized powder is ambient-stable in transit; temperature control needed for > 7-day transit.
  • US-warehouse vendors dodge import scrutiny — they cost more but ship more reliably.
06 · 6A · 31 · 44

Regulatory & developments

United States

Regulatory status & timeline

CitedM6
2005-08-30
FDA approved Increlex (mecasermin [rDNA origin] injection), full-length recombinant human IGF-1, for long-term treatment of growth failure in children with severe primary IGF-1 deficiency (BLA 021839). This approval covers full-length rhIGF-1 only and does NOT extend to truncated variants such as IGF-1 DES (Des(1-3) IGF-1). [Drugs.com / FDA label (BLA 021839)] (secondary source)
2005-08-30
FDA label for INCRELEX (mecasermin) confirms 'Initial U.S. Approval: 2005'; the approved active moiety is recombinant full-length human IGF-1, not the N-terminal-truncated Des(1-3) analogue. [FDA AccessData label (021839)]
ongoingCurrent
IGF-1 DES (Des(1-3) IGF-1) is not FDA-approved for any therapeutic indication. It is classified as an unapproved, non-GRAS substance and is not approved for human or veterinary therapeutic use or for medical compounding in the United States. It is not listed as a controlled substance under the U.S. Controlled Substances Act. [Peptide Protocol Wiki (regulatory review)] (secondary source)
ongoingCurrent
WADA prohibits IGF-1 and all its analogues/variants, including Des(1-3) IGF-1, at all times (in- and out-of-competition) under Prohibited List class S2: Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics. [USADA / WADA Prohibited List] (secondary source)

Latest news & developments

M6A

Every item dated & sourced

No data availableNo dated news items are on file yet.

WADA anti-doping status

CitedWADA

Prohibited at all times (in- and out-of-competition) under S2 — Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics. All forms of exogenous IGF-1, including analogues such as Des(1-3) IGF-1, are banned.

Source

Patent & IP landscape

CitedM31

No granted patents identified in current seed. Composition-of-matter coverage is limited given the peptide's synthetic origin.

Use-context & responsibility

CitedM44
  • IACUC / IRB research context
  • RUO buyer responsibilities & documentation
  • Veterinary / alternative-use where lawful
  • Jurisdiction-aware "who may lawfully obtain"
12 · 17 · 22 · 39 · 13 · 11 · 23

Community, sentiment & answers

FAQ

CitedM13
DES(1-3)IGF-1 lacks the N-terminal tripeptide (Gly-Pro-Glu) present in mature IGF-1. This change dramatically reduces its binding to IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), which normally sequester IGF-1 in the bloodstream and tissue fluids. The result is a higher proportion of 'free' peptide available to activate IGF-1 receptors locally, conferring greater potency per mole in cell-based assays. The tradeoff is a shorter plasma half-life.

Community sentiment

UGC · disclaimedM22
Research-seeded estimate — the tone mix is manually researched; contribution counts are illustrative until the live pipeline arms.
Community signal · Layer BDivided receptionHow it's received in discussion — not whether it works.
51/100
Positive 31%Neutral 40%Critical 29%

Based on 45 qualifying contributions across 2 platforms, last 90 daysModerate signal

Not enough history to show a trend yet.

What this is — and is not
Is

A read on how this compound is received in public discussion — the balance of positive, neutral and critical mentions over time.

Is not

Not a measure of whether it works, is safe, or is effective; not medical advice; the unverified opinions of anonymous community members (Layer B).

Community Sentiment — Layer B. This reflects the tone of public discussion across Reddit, Bluesky, YouTube and X over the last 90 days (as of 2025-11). It measures how a compound is discussed and received, not whether it is safe, effective, or appropriate for any use. It is not medical, dosing, or purchasing advice and is not an endorsement. Posts are aggregated and de-identified; individual comments, claims, and dosing discussion are never shown. Research use only.

Community themes & reported concerns

Research-seeded · not liveUGC · disclaimedM12 · M39

What people discuss

Localized vs systemic growth debate (site-injection theory, short half-life)
22
Comparison with IGF-1 LR3 and HGH
18
Injection timing relative to training (pre/post workout IM)
12
Potency and truncated-structure discussion (des(1-3) vs full IGF-1)
10
Effect attenuation after several weeks of use
9
Sourcing reliability and vendor verification (COAs, third-party testing)
14
Reconstitution and handling (acetic acid, bacteriostatic water, storage)
8
Cancer-risk discussion tied to IGF-1R signaling
7

Reported concerns — discussion, not established effects

Hypoglycemia reported in discussion
28%
Cancer-promotion concern reported in discussion
24%
Counterfeit / underdosed product reported in discussion
22%
Diminishing returns / tolerance after weeks reported in discussion
14%
Visceral/organ-growth concern reported in discussion
12%

Reading caveats

  • self-report bias (uncontrolled anecdotes)
  • vendor-affiliated content / sponsored reviews
  • dose-optimization focus (community normalizes protocol math)
  • survivorship bias (negative-outcome users less likely to post)
  • bro-science / mechanistic speculation presented as fact

Manually researched from reddit, youtube— theme weights are research estimates, not live counts; aggregated & de-identified. No individual posts, quotes, or usernames are ever shown.

41 · 21 · 42 · 28 · 27 · 26 · 29 · 43 · 14 · 16

Tools, market & meta

Research & market activity

M21

Relative research / market volume — populated once the activity stream is wired

No data availableA per-compound research and market activity stream is not collected yet.

Ask this datasheet

CitedM41
Grounded only in this compound's cited data · refuses dosing advice

Watch & listing momentum

M21
No data availableWatch and listing momentum derive from the vendor crawl, not yet wired for this compound.

Lifecycle & market history

M42
No data availableMarket lifecycle and price history are not collected for this compound yet.

Data confidence & contribute

CitedM28
VerifiedVendor-statedCommunityStale

Glossary & reading mode

CitedM27

Inline tooltips for lyophilized, RUO, EU/mg, SPPS, 503A and more.

Toggle plain-language ↔ scientific in the header.

Guides & explainers

CitedM26
  • How to read a COA
  • Free base vs acetate
  • Understanding evidence grades

Market intelligence

M43
No data availableCategory sizing and demand intelligence are not collected for this compound yet.

Citable summary (GEO)

DerivedM14

N-terminally truncated IGF-1 variant with reduced IGFBP binding and heightened local receptor potency; studied in muscle, bone, and neural tissue models. Approximately 6 articles are indexed (literature last scanned 2026-05-29). US regulatory status: Research use only; not FDA-approved; not on 503A Category 2 list. Research use only.

Emitted as JSON-LD: ChemicalSubstance · BreadcrumbList · FAQPage.

Save, track & alerts

CitedM16
  • Price-drop & back-in-stock alerts
  • Regulatory-change email digest
  • Print / share this datasheet

Export, citation & data

CitedM29
6 sources · reviewed by the PeptideCompass editorial team