Ecnoglutide

Areas of active research — not promised effects

Each tag links to other compounds with research into that goal. Research use only: these are areas of study, not human-use claims.

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Ecnoglutide has not been approved by the FDA. It remains in clinical development; supply outside approved IND/clinical trial protocols is not authorized. It is not subject to the FDA 503A/503B compounding peptide restrictions (FDA-19 list / 2026 Category-2 motion) as of May 2026, but it also has no approved human use pathway in the US.

Transparent blend · bci-1.0 · never paid-placement

Primary name

Ecnoglutide

Origin

Synthetic peptide analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), engineered by Hangzhou Sciwind Biosciences via an Ala-to-Val substitution at position 8 and conjugation of an 18-carbon fatty acid via a PEG-based linker at Lys30; composed entirely of natural amino acids.

Registry IDs

PubChem CID

162625103

CAS

2459531-73-6

InChIKey

DJMLKAVQDZZBNC-NYHUXPQOSA-N

Molecular formula

C194H304N48O61

Molar mass

4285 g/mol

Monoisotopic

4282.2161537 Da

InChIKey

DJMLKAVQDZZBNC-NYHUXPQOSA-N

Appearance

White to off-white lyophilized powder (expected for lipopeptide class)

Solubility

Soluble in aqueous buffers; fatty acid conjugation may require careful reconstit…

Sequence not available in current seed.

Stability: Long-chain fatty acid-PEG conjugation enhances stability; specific stability data not publicly available for RUO preparations

Vial sizes

null mg

Purity grades

research grade

Salt forms

Free base (primary)

• GHS hazard class on file
• PPE & spill response
• Disposal guidance
• Not-for-human-consumption posture

How much research exists, and of what maturity — never a verdict on whether it works.

Mechanism of action

• Ecnoglutide selectively activates the GLP-1 receptor with a signaling profile biased toward cyclic AMP (cAMP) generation over beta-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalization
• This cAMP bias is conferred by the Ala8→Val8 substitution, which alters receptor conformation upon binding and reduces desensitization compared to unbiased agonists
• By preferentially driving the cAMP/PKA pathway, ecnoglutide stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite via central hypothalamic GLP-1 receptors
• The fatty acid-PEG linker conjugation mediates albumin binding, extending plasma half-life to approximately 124–138 hours at steady state and enabling once-weekly dosing

Pharmacokinetics (ADME)

Half-life

~124–138 hours (steady-state, subcutaneous; Phase 1 data)

PK–PD note: Subcutaneous single ascending doses from 0.03–1.0 mg and multiple ascending doses of 0.2–0.6 mg once weekly for 6 weeks were evaluated in Phase 1. Oral formulation (VRB-101) is under Phase 2b investig…

Reading the evidence

• Evidence quality and gaps vary by application — see the cited grades above.
• Indexed-article counts span all evidence tiers, not only completed human trials.
• No first-party human-dosing, efficacy, or benefit claims are made here.

Key reviews & evidence-gap sources

• Kumar M, et al. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Ecnoglutide in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2026;9(3):e70217 (4 RCTs, 1643 participants) — Anchoring ecnoglutide-specific systematic review/meta-analysis
• Kokkorakis M, et al. Emerging pharmacotherapies for obesity: A systematic review. Pharmacol Rev. 2025;77(1):100002
• Nong K, et al. Comparative effects of drugs for adults with overweight or obesity: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2026;394:e372161
• Ecnoglutide, a biased GLP-1 receptor agonist as a potential new player for type 2 diabetes management? [Editorial] Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025
• Guo W, et al. Discovery of ecnoglutide - A novel, long-acting, cAMP-biased GLP-1 analog. Mol Metab. 2023;75:101762 (includes Phase 1 + preclinical)
• Zhu D, et al. Efficacy and safety of GLP-1 analog ecnoglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes: phase 2 RCT. Nat Commun. 2024;15:8408

5 registered trials — 1 currently recruiting.

Phase 1
NCT07243171
A Phase Ib/IIa Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oral Ecnoglutide Tablets in Chinese Participants With Overweight or Obesity

RECRUITING

Phase 3
NCT05680129
A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of XW003 Compared With Dulaglutide in Participants With T2DM

COMPLETED

Phase 2
NCT07553299
A Study of Weekly Oral Dose of Ecnoglutide (VRB-101) for Weight Maintenance in Participants Who Have Obesity or Overweight With Weight-Related Comorbidities

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Phase 1
NCT05184322
XW004 To Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, PK, and PD of Oral Ecnoglutide Tablet in Healthy Adults

COMPLETED

Phase 1
NCT07143227
A Study of XW003 Injection in Chinese Adolescents With Obesity

COMPLETED

Summary (literature)

Across Phase 1–3 trials, the most frequently reported adverse events were gastrointestinal in nature — predominantly nausea, diarrhea, and decreased appetite — consistent with the class profile of GLP-1 receptor agonists. In the Phase 3 T2DM trial, adverse events were reported in…

WADA status

GLP-1 receptor agonists (including semaglutide and tirzepatide) are on the WADA 2026 Monitoring Program; they are tracked in- and out-of-competition but are not…

Dominant research route: Subcutaneous injection (once-weekly)

Phase 1 SAD/MAD in healthy participants; Phase 2 and Phase 3 RCTs in adults with T2DM and overweight/obesity (humans)

Bioavailability: Phase 1 (NCT04389775) reported steady-state half-life of 124–138 h supporting once-weekly subcutaneous dosing; SAD doses 0.03–1.0 mg, MAD 0.2–0.6 mg once weekly for 6 weeks.

Dominant studied route. Phase 2 trial (CTR20211014) randomized 145 adults with T2DM to 0.4/0.8/1.2 mg once-weekly subcutaneous ecnoglutide or placebo for 20 weeks. Phase 3 trials (EECOH-1 NCT05680155; EECOH-2; obesity Phase 3) used once-weekly subcutaneous injection. Preclinical characterization in db/db mice and DIO rats used subcutaneous dosing.

Phase 1 MAD trial in healthy and healthy obese participants (humans); XW004 oral tablet formulation

Bioavailability: Phase 1 (NCT05184322) reported that pharmacokinetics of XW004 showed good absorption after oral administration; once-daily oral tablets at 7/15/30 mg with gradual dose escalation. Once-weekly oral dosing regimens were planned for additional evaluation.

Oral formulation (XW004) is a separate development program from injectable ecnoglutide (XW003). Phase 1 trial enrolled 42 healthy (Cohorts 1–3) and 14 healthy obese (Cohort 4) participants in Australia. Note: oral-stability (peptide sequence/fatty-acid conjugation for plasma stability) is distinct from oral-absorption; the trial reports absorption characteristics, not a stability claim.

Animal & human figures are kept visibly separate so studied animal doses are never misread as human guidance.

Sorted A–Z by vendor — never by price

Ecnoglutide is a newly NMPA-approved drug (2026) with no US/EU approval and no established research-chem market. Reagent supply is thin and stable (Cayman, MCE only). Prices unlikely to move significantly until broader clinical adoption or US approval changes demand. Arizona-mall wholesale listing suggests emerging low-cost bulk supply from China but unverifiable.

Researched storefront prices, bucketed

p25 $26.60 · median $33.50 · p75 $41.50 · 6 researched vendors

Legit, COA-backed band: $24.00–$45.00/mg.

Value rule: don't just buy the cheapest — a price under $3/mg is a red flag. Pair price with COA and independent-test grade.

Estimated cost of research (10 mg)

Vial (best researched price)

$244

Bacteriostatic water (generic estimate)

$6

Syringes / supplies (generic estimate)

$12

What each test proves — general guidance, plus this compound's researched purity data

Independent labs cited for this compound

No recalls, market withdrawals, or safety alerts specific to Ecnoglutide were found in FDA, NMPA, or aggregator databases reviewed. Ecnoglutide is not FDA-approved in the United States; the only marketing authorizations identified are China NMPA approvals (T2D Jan 2026; chronic weight management Mar 2026).

Buyer red-flag checklist

• Not FDA-approved in the United States; no US marketing authorization found as of the sources reviewed.
• Only China NMPA approvals identified (T2D Jan 2026; weight management Mar 2026) — quality/regulatory oversight outside China is limited.
• No independent third-party purity/identity lab testing data publicly available.
• No FDA Import Alert code specific to Ecnoglutide was found; absence of an alert does not constitute FDA clearance.
• As an investigational/unapproved GLP-1 in most jurisdictions, any non-China supply would fall under unapproved/compounded-drug risk categories flagged by FDA for GLP-1 products.

GMP vs research-grade: the chemistry (SPPS + HPLC + MS) is identical — the difference is the quality system.

Underdosing / mislabeling: No independent third-party lab testing data (Janoshik, MZ Biolabs, Finnrick, or equivalent) for Ecnoglutide was found in public sources. As a newly approved, single-manufacturer (Sciwind) product not yet widely distributed outside China, no aggregate underdosing prevalence could be established.

• An RUO label is not an import exemption — CBP judges actual intended use.
• Lyophilized powder is ambient-stable in transit; temperature control needed for > 7-day transit.
• US-warehouse vendors dodge import scrutiny — they cost more but ship more reliably.

Every item dated & sourced

Not prohibited; GLP-1 receptor agonist class under WADA 2026 Monitoring Program (semaglutide and tirzepatide markers monitored). Ecnoglutide not specifically named in the 2026 Prohibited List or Monitoring Program.

No granted patents identified in current seed. Composition-of-matter coverage is limited given the peptide's synthetic origin.

• IACUC / IRB research context
• RUO buyer responsibilities & documentation
• Veterinary / alternative-use where lawful
• Jurisdiction-aware "who may lawfully obtain"

What people discuss

Reported concerns — discussion, not established effects

Reading caveats

• investor-dominated discourse
• very limited patient experience base
• China-only approval skews discourse
• sparse English-language community

Manually researched from reddit, x, youtube— theme weights are research estimates, not live counts; aggregated & de-identified. No individual posts, quotes, or usernames are ever shown.

Relative research / market volume — populated once the activity stream is wired

Inline tooltips for lyophilized, RUO, EU/mg, SPPS, 503A and more.

Toggle plain-language ↔ scientific in the header.

• How to read a COA
• Free base vs acetate
• Understanding evidence grades

Long-acting cAMP-biased GLP-1 receptor agonist approved in China for T2DM and obesity; investigational in the US and EU. Approximately 10 articles are indexed (literature last scanned 2026-05-29). US regulatory status: Investigational — no FDA approval. Research use only.

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