Adipotide

Areas of active research — not promised effects

Each tag links to other compounds with research into that goal. Research use only: these are areas of study, not human-use claims.

Related by research scope · open each to compare

Adipotide holds no FDA approval, no IND in active standing, and no placement on the 503A or 503B bulk drug substances lists. There is no legal compounding or prescribing pathway. It may be supplied by chemical vendors strictly for non-clinical laboratory research.

Transparent blend · bci-1.0 · never paid-placement

Primary name

Adipotide

Origin

Designed by Pasqualini, Arap, and colleagues at MD Anderson Cancer Center; constructed by joining a prohibitin-targeting homing sequence (CKGGRAKDC) to a mitochondria-disrupting proapoptotic domain (D[KLAKLAK]₂) via a glycine-glycine linker. Not derived from any endogenous mammalian peptide.

Registry IDs

PubChem CID

163360068

CAS

859216-15-2

InChIKey

GZESIPHLGJDZRG-VCWDIOOSSA-N

Molecular formula

C111H206N36O28S2

Molar mass

2557.2 g/mol

Monoisotopic

2555.5243724 Da

InChIKey

GZESIPHLGJDZRG-VCWDIOOSSA-N

Appearance

White to off-white lyophilised powder

Solubility

Soluble in water and dilute aqueous buffers; acetic acid (0.1–1%) may improve so…

Sequence not available in current seed.

Stability: Moderate; the disulfide-containing CKGGRAKDC homing domain is susceptible to oxidation; the D(KLAKLAK)₂ proapoptotic domain is relatively stable. Overall peptid

Vial sizes

2 mg · 5 mg

Purity grades

≥98% HPLC

Salt forms

Free base (primary)

• GHS hazard class on file
• PPE & spill response
• Disposal guidance
• Not-for-human-consumption posture

How much research exists, and of what maturity — never a verdict on whether it works.

Mechanism of action

• Adipotide consists of two functional segments: an N-terminal homing domain (CKGGRAKDC) that binds prohibitin, a protein selectively overexpressed on the luminal surface of endothelial cells supplying white adipose tissue
• Following receptor-mediated binding and internalization, the C-terminal D(KLAKLAK)₂ domain disrupts mitochondrial membrane integrity through cationic amphipathic interactions, triggering cytochrome c release and caspase-dependent apoptosis in adipose endothelial cells
• The resulting vascular regression produces secondary adipocyte death through ischemia and nutrient deprivation, leading to reduction in white adipose tissue mass
• In spontaneously obese rhesus macaques, 28-day subcutaneous treatment at 0.43 mg/kg/day produced approximately 10–11% reductions in body weight with corresponding decreases in BMI and visceral fat volume confirmed by MRI and DEXA

Pharmacokinetics (ADME)

Clearance

Renal clearance implicated (proapoptotic domain causes collateral tubular injury during urinary excretion; see safety notes)

PK–PD note: Formal pharmacokinetic parameters (t½, Vd, AUC) not published in available literature. Renal handling is the primary elimination pathway inferred from nephrotoxicity findings in multiple primate speci…

Reading the evidence

• Evidence quality and gaps vary by application — see the cited grades above.
• Indexed-article counts span all evidence tiers, not only completed human trials.
• No first-party human-dosing, efficacy, or benefit claims are made here.

Key reviews & evidence-gap sources

• Barnhart KF et al. A peptidomimetic targeting white fat causes weight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeys. Sci Transl Med. 2011;3(108):108ra112. PMID:22072637 — Anchoring primary preclinical study (obese rhesus monkeys); not a systematic review. No human trials derived.
• Kim DH et al. Rapid and weight-independent improvement of glucose tolerance induced by a peptide designed to elicit apoptosis in adipose tissue endothelium. Diabetes. 2012;61(9):2299-310. PMID:22733798 — Preclinical mouse study; mechanistic/animal.
• Hossen N et al. A comparative study between nanoparticle-targeted therapeutics and bioconjugates as obesity medication. J Control Release. 2013;171(2):104-12. PMID:23871959 — In vitro/comparative formulation study referencing adipotide.

No registered human trials found for this compound.

Status

No registered trials found

Summary (literature)

The principal safety concern identified in preclinical primate studies is dose-dependent nephrotoxicity involving renal proximal tubule injury, manifested as elevations in serum creatinine, BUN, and tubular-damage urinalysis markers. Effects were described as predictable and larg…

WADA status

Not specifically named on the 2026 WADA Prohibited List. However, as an unapproved pharmacological agent with no therapeutic use certificate pathway, it would l…

Dominant research route: Subcutaneous (SC)

Daily SC injection in spontaneously obese rhesus macaques (dose-finding, 0.10–0.75 mg/kg; 0.43 mg/kg identified as optimal; 28-day and 63-day regimens)

Bioavailability: SC route selected over intraperitoneal for primate studies as it better represents potential clinical administration; supports gradual absorption and distribution

Barnhart et al. 2011 (Sci Transl Med) dose-finding and fixed-dose studies in obese rhesus monkeys used daily SC adipotide; weight loss and improved insulin resistance observed, with dose-limiting renal tubular toxicity

First-in-human Phase 1 trial (NCT01262664) in obese patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer; SC injection once daily for 28 days, dose-escalation starting at 0.03 mg/kg

Bioavailability: Trial designed to identify maximum tolerated dose and assess pharmacokinetics via SC administration; no human PK results published

Arrowhead Research Corporation Phase 1 (IND cleared Jan 2012; first patient dosed July 2012); trial terminated and clinical development discontinued (2019) due to nephrotoxicity; no efficacy/safety results published

IP injection in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice (Kolonin et al. 2004, Nature Medicine; subsequent mouse studies at 1.0–3.0 mg/kg)

Bioavailability: IP route used in early rodent proof-of-concept studies; not advanced to primate or human studies

Original Kolonin et al. 2004 discovery used IP administration of the CKGGRAKDC homing peptidomimetic in obese mice; later mouse studies (e.g., Hossen et al.) administered adipotide IP at 3.0 mg/kg

Animal & human figures are kept visibly separate so studied animal doses are never misread as human guidance.

Sorted A–Z by vendor — never by price

Weekly median $/mg from the live vendor crawl.

Researched storefront prices, bucketed

p25 $7.80 · median $8.90 · p75 $11.60 · 9 researched vendors

Legit, COA-backed band: $7.70–$11.60/mg.

Value rule: don't just buy the cheapest — a price under $3/mg is a red flag. Pair price with COA and independent-test grade.

Estimated cost of research (10 mg)

Vial (best researched price)

$24

Bacteriostatic water (generic estimate)

$6

Syringes / supplies (generic estimate)

$12

What each test proves — general guidance, plus this compound's researched purity data

Purity on the current market (researched)

Vendor-stated ≥98–99% by HPLC/MS (research-use-only supplier Certificate of Analysis); no independent third-party lab verification of Adipotide purity was located.

Independent labs cited for this compound

No FDA recall, market withdrawal, or seizure action naming Adipotide (FTPP) specifically was found in the FDA enforcement databases reviewed. The compound has no approved product to recall; enforcement exposure instead runs through general unapproved-new-drug mechanisms (Import Alert 66-41) and vendor-level warning letters.

Buyer red-flag checklist

• No FDA-approved application (IND/NDA/BLA) for Adipotide exists; not on the 503A Bulks List (Category 1) and was not among peptides moved on the April 23, 2026 Category 2 update — no legal U.S. compounding pathway.
• Phase I human trial (NCT01262664) terminated early for nephrotoxicity; clinical development discontinued 2019.
• A vendor product page (profoundaminos.com) cites 'CDER Warning Letter 729653' (GSC Products, LLC, May 18, 2026) in an Adipotide context, but the retrieved FDA letter addresses a Sinus Plumber capsaicin nasal spray and does not name Adipotide — the citation is a misattribution that verifiers should treat as unreliable.
• Products labeled 'adipotide' or 'FTPP' sold online exist outside any regulatory framework: no FDA oversight of manufacturing, no verified identity, no guaranteed purity or potency, and no established safe human dose.
• Research-grade Adipotide is supplied as non-sterile lyophilized powder; sterile filtration is required before any in vivo use per supplier CoA, adding a handling/sterility failure risk.
• Public peptide-testing databases (e.g., Janoshik public tests) show no Adipotide-specific entries, so batch identity/purity cannot be independently corroborated for most vendor lots.

GMP vs research-grade: the chemistry (SPPS + HPLC + MS) is identical — the difference is the quality system.

Underdosing / mislabeling: No independent lab tests (Janoshik, MZ Biolabs, Finnrick, or equivalent public databases) reporting Adipotide identity, purity, or under/overdosing were located. Adipotide is rarely tested in public peptide-testing corpora relative to GLP-1 agonists; prevalence cannot be estimated.

• Detention Without Physical Examination of Unapproved New Drugs Promoted In The U.S. Applies to unapproved new drugs marketed with claims that make them unapproved new drugs under the FD&C Act; Adipotide (no approved application, no compounding pathway) is within scope when promoted for human use.66-41
• An RUO label is not an import exemption — CBP judges actual intended use.
• Lyophilized powder is ambient-stable in transit; temperature control needed for > 7-day transit.
• US-warehouse vendors dodge import scrutiny — they cost more but ship more reliably.

Every item dated & sourced

Not individually listed by name on the WADA Prohibited List, but falls under category S0 (Non-approved Substances) because it is not approved by any governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use; explicitly named on the USADA/PFL Prohibited List (effective July 11, 2023).

No granted patents identified in current seed. Composition-of-matter coverage is limited given the peptide's synthetic origin.

• IACUC / IRB research context
• RUO buyer responsibilities & documentation
• Veterinary / alternative-use where lawful
• Jurisdiction-aware "who may lawfully obtain"

What people discuss

Reported concerns — discussion, not established effects

Reading caveats

• self-experimentation anecdotes without controls
• attribution of a public figure's death to a single peptide amid polypharmacy
• vendor-affiliated content present in search results
• small sample of self-reporters with selection bias

Manually researched from reddit, youtube— theme weights are research estimates, not live counts; aggregated & de-identified. No individual posts, quotes, or usernames are ever shown.

Relative research / market volume — populated once the activity stream is wired

Inline tooltips for lyophilized, RUO, EU/mg, SPPS, 503A and more.

Toggle plain-language ↔ scientific in the header.

• How to read a COA
• Free base vs acetate
• Understanding evidence grades

Proapoptotic peptidomimetic targeting prohibitin on white adipose vasculature; studied in obese primate models; no approved human indication. Approximately 4 articles are indexed (literature last scanned 2026-05-29). US regulatory status: Research use only; not approved, not compoundable. Research use only.

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